agriculture Review The Critical Role of Zinc in Plants Facing the Drought Stress Muhammad Umair Hassan 1, Muhammad Aamer 1, Muhammad Umer Chattha 2, Tang Haiying 1, Babar Shahzad 3, Lorenzo Barbanti 4, Muhammad Nawaz 5, Adnan Rasheed 6, Aniqa Afzal 7, Ying Liu 1 and Huang Guoqin 1,* 1 Research Centre on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang … Zinc is involved in numerous aspects of cellular metabolism. Zinc also converts ammonia to nitrate in Zinc is plant micronutrient which is involved in many physiological functions its inadequate supply will reduce crop yields. There are a number of physiological impairments in Zn-deficient cells causing inhibition of the growth, differentiation and development of plants. Zinc is an important component of various enzymes that are responsible for driving many metabolic reactions in all crops. Zinc is also a part of several other enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase, which prevents oxidative stress in plant cells. It is required for the catalytic activity of approximately 100 enzymes [1,2] and it plays a role in immune function [3,4], protein synthesis , wound healing , DNA synthesis [2,4], and cell division . Following are the various other roles of zinc in plants; 1. production of auxin, an essential growth hormone 2. regulates starch formation and proper root development 3. Increasing evidence indicates that oxidative damage to critical 111 Possible roles of zinc in protecting plant cells from damage by reactive oxygen species ISMAIL CAKMAK Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Cukurova, 01330 Adana, Turkey (fax ›90 322 3386747; e-mail cakmak!mail.cu.edu.tr) Received 20 August 1999; accepted 6 January 2000 REVIEW New Phytol. Growth and development would stop if specific enzymes were not present in plant tissue. Department of Botany, University of Nottingham *Boots Pure Drug Co. Ltd., Research Department, Bacteriological Division, Oakfields Road, West Bridgford, Nottingham. Horticultural crops suffer widely by zinc deficiency followed by boron, manganese, copper, iron (mostly induced) and Mo deficiencies. Zinc (Zn) is an element with a bipartite influence on living systems. Zinc and boron play a vital role in increasing grain yield of wheat because zinc and boron take place in many physiological process of plant such as chlorophyll formation, stomatal regulation, starch utilization which enhance grain yield of wheat [17]. A lack of zinc has been linked to reduced seed formation. Zinc has many important roles in plant growth, and a constant and continuous supply is necessary for opti-mum growth and maximum yields. These results indicated the protective role of high Zn supply against salt stress-dependent decreases in growth. NaCl reduced the shoot growth of plants in Zn 2 mg kg-1 soil conditions at greater rates than the plants in Zn 10 mg kg-1 soil (Figure 3). carbohydrates in these plants. Zinc deficiency is the most wide spread micronutrient deficiency problem, almost all crops and calcareous, sandy soils, peat soils, and soils with high phosphorus and silicon are expected to be deficient. was recorded when no spray was used. Plants Introduction The major causes for micronutrient deficiencies are intensified agricultural practices, unbalanced fertilizer application including NPK, depletion of nutrients and no replenishment. Zinc is needed for a plant’s enzyme formation and associated with hormone (indole acetic acid) formation. 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